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The question of “who owns the Church” has had a stormy history in Catholic America, although the terms of reference have changed considerably over time.
In the 19th century, “lay trusteeism” — lay boards that owned parish property and sometimes claimed authority over the appointment and dismissal of pastors — was a major headache for the U.S. bishops.
Today, the question is more likely to arise from the wetlands of psychobabble; thus one Midwestern diocesan chancellor recently spoke about a diocesan “needs assessment” that “can give ownership to the people,” presumably of their lives as Catholics.
Response to crisis of clerical sexual abuse
A similar imagery of ownership was used during the Long Lent of 2002, in response to the crisis of clerical sexual abuse and episcopal misgovernance. In March of that year, a Religious Sister in Boston, the epicenter of the crisis, said, “This is our Church, all of us, and we need to take it back.”
Similar sentiments are heard today from “pastoral planners” who take their cues from Protestant megachurches in which creating a feeling of “ownership” on the part of the congregation, often by blurring the border between sacred and profane, is very much part of the marketing-and-retention strategy.
Who owns the Church?
“Ownership” is being contested in the Church in sharp ways: the college of bishops is divided on questions of sacramental discipline; prominent Catholic leaders claim something like an “ownership” of Scripture and tradition, by which they decide what in revelation is binding and what can be jettisoned; the half-century struggle about who “owns” Vatican II continues to rage on.
A serious reflection on the questions, “Who owns the Church?” and “What does this ‘ownership’ mean?” will begin with the Word of God: in this case, the Last Supper discourse of Jesus in John’s Gospel. There, the Lord makes the matter rather clear: “No longer do I call you servants, for the servant does not know what his master is doing; but I have called you friends, for all that I have heard from my Father I have made known to you. You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit and that your fruit should abide . . .” (John 15.12-16).
The Church is Christ’s
The Church is not ours; the Church is Christ’s. We did not create the Church; Christ did. No earthly power creates the Church and no earthly power owns the Church. So the Church is not ours to “take back,” and it is not ours to “own,” because it never belonged to us.
That’s been hard to grasp for a very long time, as we learn from another New Testament text, St. Paul’s Letter to the Romans. There, Paul unwinds a 16-chapter-long argument to drive home one essential point: no merely human institution can remit a single, small sin. Only the ministry of the Church can do that.
The Church celebrates the sacraments through Christ’s power and the grace of the Holy Spirit. During Lent, a season in which the great sacraments of Baptism, the Eucharist, and Penance come into high relief, it is good to think on that, pray over it, give thanks for it — and perhaps resolve, in the future, to avoid imagery and language that suggests that “this is our Church.”
George Weigel is a Distinguished Senior Fellow and William E. Simon Chair in Catholic Studies at the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington, D.C.